News: This Special Session has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme under the AHEAD2020 project (grant agreement n. 871158).

Understanding how the properties of the galaxy clusters, the largest hierarchically-formed and gravitationally-bound structures in the universe, shape and evolve is key to linking astrophysics and cosmology in a consistent picture. Peculiar of the thermal emission from the hot intracluster medium pervading galaxy clusters, the X-ray emission lines trace directly the metal distribution, and probe in a unique way and at the same time, through their modelization, the chemical enrichment history, the circulation of matter and energy during large-scale structure evolution, the stellar and black hole feedback, and all the plethora of processes underlying the gas mixing and virialization. With the launch in 2016 of the JAXA satellite ASTRO-H/Hitomi, the era of X-ray eV resolution spectroscopy started officially, despite the failure of the observatory soon after the launch. Still, the only spectrum collected from the core of the Perseus cluster was the base for at least 5 papers (one of which was on Nature), highlighting the remarkable impact of such kind of data. In 2023, a twin of Hitomi, XRISM, has been successfully launched. The spectra that it will soon collect will pave the way towards the exploitation of the next generation of X-ray instruments (from the ESA large mission newAthena in the late of 2030s, to the possible US Probe missions with a launch planned for early 2030s). The goal of this special session is to gather the community exploiting X-ray (and multi-wavelength at large) observations and hydrodynamical simulations to share and review the new results on the physics of the plasma that can be investigated through high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy.

Programme

• ### feedback, turbulence and motions
  
  * 2 invited talks [25']:
  
  - Gatuzz: "Kinematics of the Intracluster Medium using XMM-Newton"
  
  - Markevitch (XRISM)
  
  * 2 contributed talks [15']:
  
  - Pillepich: "From TNG-Cluster to XRISM: understanding the kinematics of the core of Perseus-like clusters"
  
  - Bartalesi: "Searching for rotating (and turbulent) clusters: perspectives with XRISM"
  
  * 2 contributed talks [10']:
  
  - Lebeau: "Turbulence in the ICM of the Virgo cluster simulated replica"
  
  - Chirakkara: "Hybrid particle-in-cell simulations of turbulence in the intracluster medium in the subsonic and supersonic regime"



• ### metallicity
  
  * 2 invited talks [25']:
  
  - Mernier: "The metallicity of the ICM: observations"
  
  - Biffi: "The ICM chemistry: simulations perspective"
  
  * 2 contributed talks [15']:
  
  - Padawer-blatt: "Simba-C: chemical and thermal profiles in the intragroup medium with an updated chemical enrichment model"
  
  - Kara: "Chemical enrichment in the AGN-hosting stripped elliptical galaxies: the case study of M84 and M89"



• ### how these phenomena impact the 2D and radial distribution of the energy and baryons in the ICM
  
  * 2 invited talks [25']
  
  - Churazov: "Much Ado about AGN Feedback"
  
  - Simionescu (Athena)
  
  * 2 contributed talks [15']:
  
  - Chatzigiannakis: "Inferring the thermal and chemical structure of the ICM: insights with TNG-Cluster"
  
  - Toptun: "Exploring the Properties of Hot Gas in Galaxy Groups from the CGM to the IGrM"
  
  * 1 contributed talk [10']
  
  - Marini: "Unveiling Hidden Biases: Probing Groups and Cluster Properties through Simulations"

Invited speakers

• Veronica Biffi (INAF-OA, Trieste, Italy)
• Eugene Churazov (MPA, Garching, Germany)
• Efrain Gatuzz (MPE, Garching, Germany)
• Maxim Markevitch (NASA Goddard, US)
• Francois Mernier (NASA Goddard, US)
• Aurora Simionescu (SRON, The Netherlands)

Scientific organisers

S. Ettori (INAF-OAS Bologna, It), L. Lovisari (INAF-IASF Milano, It)

Contact

stefano.ettori @ inaf.it